૧. વ્યાખ્યા (Definition)
Phrase Preposition એ બે કે તેથી વધુ શબ્દોનો સમૂહ છે જે એક સાથે મળીને Preposition તરીકે કાર્ય કરે છે. આ શબ્દસમૂહો એક જ અર્થ આપે છે અને વાક્યમાં Noun/Pronoun સાથે સંબંધ દર્શાવે છે.
ઉદાહરણ:
- He succeeded because of hard work. (કારણ)
- In spite of rain, he came. (વિરોધાભાસ)
- She is sitting instead of me. (બદલામાં)
૨. Phrase Preposition ના મહત્વના પ્રકારો (Important Types)
2.1 કારણ દર્શાવતા (Cause/Reason)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning (ગુજરાતી) | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Because of | કારણે / ને લીધે | He was late because of rain. |
| Due to | કારણે (ખાસ કરીને ‘due to’ Noun પછી) | The accident was due to his mistake. |
| Owing to | કારણે | Owing to heavy rain, schools were closed. |
| On account of | ના કારણે | He could not come on account of illness. |
| Thanks to | ના કારણે (સકારાત્મક) | Thanks to your help, I succeeded. |
2.2 વિરોધાભાસ/છતાં દર્શાવતા (Contrast/Concession)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| In spite of | હોવા છતાં | In spite of his poverty, he is happy. |
| Despite | હોવા છતાં (In spite of જેવો) | Despite the rain, we went out. |
| Notwithstanding | હોવા છતાં (ઔપચારિક) | Notwithstanding the difficulties, he succeeded. |
2.3 બદલામાં/તેના સ્થાને (Substitution/Instead of)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Instead of | ના બદલે / ને સ્થાને | He took tea instead of coffee. |
| In place of | ના સ્થાને | She came in place of her mother. |
| In lieu of | ના બદલે (ઔપચારિક) | He got money in lieu of land. |
2.4 સંદર્ભમાં/વિશે (Regarding/Concerning)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| With regard to | ના સંદર્ભમાં | With regard to your query, I will reply soon. |
| With respect to | ના સંદર્ભમાં | With respect to salary, it is good. |
| Regarding | વિશે / બાબતમાં | Regarding your application, it is approved. |
| Concerning | વિશે | He asked concerning his results. |
| As regards | જહાં સુધી | As regards studies, he is brilliant. |
| In respect of | ના સંદર્ભમાં | In respect of marks, he is first. |
2.5 હેતુ/ઉદ્દેશ્ય દર્શાવતા (Purpose)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| For the sake of | ના માટે (ખાતર) | He worked hard for the sake of his family. |
| In order to | માટે (હેતુ) | He saved money in order to buy a car. |
| With a view to | ઉદ્દેશ્યથી | He studies hard with a view to passing. |
2.6 ઉપરાંત/વધારામાં (Addition)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| In addition to | ઉપરાંત | In addition to English, he speaks Hindi. |
| Apart from | સિવાય / ઉપરાંત | Apart from cricket, he likes football. |
| Besides | ઉપરાંત (Single preposition) | Besides tea, I like coffee. |
| Along with | સાથે સાથે | He came along with his friends. |
2.7 સિવાય/સિવાયના (Exclusion)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Except for | સિવાય | Except for John, everyone came. |
| With the exception of | સિવાય | With the exception of one, all passed. |
| Other than | સિવાય | Other than this book, I have no other. |
| Apart from | સિવાય (જ્યારે ‘except’ ના અર્થમાં) | Apart from this, everything is fine. |
2.8 મદદ/સહાય દર્શાવતા (Help/Support)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| By means of | ના મારફતે / દ્વારા | He succeeded by means of hard work. |
| By way of | ના માર્ગે | He sent a message by way of email. |
| With the help of | ની મદદથી | He lifted the box with the help of his friends. |
2.9 શરત/પૂર્વશરત દર્શાવતા (Condition)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| In case of | ની સ્થિતિમાં | In case of fire, leave the building. |
| In the event of | ની ઘટનામાં | In the event of his death, his son will take over. |
| Subject to | ને આધીન | This offer is subject to approval. |
2.10 સંબંધ/અનુસાર દર્શાવતા (According to)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| According to | અનુસાર / મુજબ | According to me, he is honest. |
| In accordance with | અનુસાર (ઔપચારિક) | He acted in accordance with the rules. |
| As per | મુજબ (ઔપચારિક) | As per instructions, we completed the work. |
2.11 સરખામણી દર્શાવતા (Comparison)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| In comparison to | ની સરખામણીમાં | In comparison to Mumbai, Ahmedabad is smaller. |
| In contrast to | ની સરખામણીમાં (વિરોધાભાસ) | In contrast to his brother, he is lazy. |
2.12 સમય દર્શાવતા (Time)
| Phrase Preposition | Meaning | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| In course of | ના દરમિયાન | In course of time, he understood everything. |
| In the course of | ના દરમિયાન | In the course of the journey, we met many people. |
| In the midst of | ની વચ્ચે (સમય) | In the midst of his speech, he fainted. |
| At the time of | સમયે | At the time of independence, he was born. |
૩. મહત્વના Phrase Prepositions ની સૂચિ (Master List)
નીચે સ્પર્ધાત્મક પરીક્ષા માટે સૌથી મહત્વના 40+ Phrase Prepositions આપેલા છે:
| Sr. | Phrase Preposition | Meaning in Gujarati |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Because of | ને કારણે |
| 2 | Due to | ને કારણે |
| 3 | Owing to | ને કારણે |
| 4 | On account of | ના કારણે |
| 5 | Thanks to | ના કારણે (સકારાત્મક) |
| 6 | In spite of | હોવા છતાં |
| 7 | Despite | હોવા છતાં |
| 8 | Instead of | ના બદલે |
| 9 | In place of | ના સ્થાને |
| 10 | In lieu of | ના બદલે |
| 11 | With regard to | ના સંદર્ભમાં |
| 12 | With respect to | ના સંદર્ભમાં |
| 13 | Regarding | વિશે |
| 14 | Concerning | વિશે |
| 15 | As regards | જહાં સુધી |
| 16 | In respect of | ના સંદર્ભમાં |
| 17 | For the sake of | ના માટે (ખાતર) |
| 18 | In order to (followed by verb) | માટે |
| 19 | With a view to (followed by -ing) | ના ઉદ્દેશ્યથી |
| 20 | In addition to | ઉપરાંત |
| 21 | Apart from | સિવાય / ઉપરાંત |
| 22 | Besides | ઉપરાંત |
| 23 | Along with | સાથે સાથે |
| 24 | Except for | સિવાય |
| 25 | Other than | સિવાય |
| 26 | By means of | ના મારફતે |
| 27 | By way of | ના માર્ગે |
| 28 | With the help of | ની મદદથી |
| 29 | In case of | ની સ્થિતિમાં |
| 30 | In the event of | ની ઘટનામાં |
| 31 | Subject to | ને આધીન |
| 32 | According to | અનુસાર |
| 33 | In accordance with | અનુસાર |
| 34 | As per | મુજબ |
| 35 | In comparison to | ની સરખામણીમાં |
| 36 | In contrast to | ની સરખામણીમાં (ભિન્ન) |
| 37 | In course of | ના દરમિયાન |
| 38 | In the midst of | ની વચ્ચે |
| 39 | On behalf of | ના વતી |
| 40 | In front of | ની સામે |
| 41 | By dint of | ના બળે |
| 42 | For fear of | ના ડરથી |
| 43 | In search of | ની શોધમાં |
| 44 | On the point of | ની આરે (about to) |
| 45 | With reference to | ના સંદર્ભમાં |
૪. મહત્વના નિયમો (Important Rules)
Rule 1: Due to vs Because of (ઘણી પરીક્ષામાં તફાવત પૂછાય છે)
- Due to → Noun/ Pronoun પછી આવે છે (Adjective phrase) – Normally ‘to be’ verb પછી.
- The accident was due to his carelessness. ✓
- His failure is due to laziness. ✓
- Because of → Adverb phrase – Verb/Clause ને modify કરે.
- He failed because of laziness. ✓
- Because of rain, we stayed home. ✓
સરળ ટ્રીક: ‘Due to’ = ‘Caused by’ (આના કારણે થયું); ‘Because of’ = ‘For the reason of’ (કારણ)
Rule 2: In spite of vs Despite
- બંનેનો અર્થ સરખો છે – ‘હોવા છતાં’
- In spite of → Of સાથે (In spite of + Noun)
- Despite → Without ‘of’ (Despite + Noun)
- In spite of the rain, he came. ✓
- Despite the rain, he came. ✓
- Despite of rain (ખોટું)
Rule 3: Instead of – સંપૂર્ણ Noun/ Pronoun/V-ing લઈ શકે
- He took tea instead of coffee. (Noun)
- You should work instead of sitting idle. (V-ing)
Rule 4: With a view to – પછી Verb + ing (Gerund) આવે
- He works hard with a view to passing the exam. (to pass – ખોટું)
- She studies with a view to becoming a doctor.
Rule 5: In order to – પછી V1 (Infinitive) આવે
- He works hard in order to pass the exam. (passing – ખોટું)
Rule 6: Subject to – ‘to’ પછી Noun
- The offer is subject to terms and conditions.
Rule 7: On behalf of (વતી) vs On the part of (તરફથી)
- On behalf of = representing someone (કોઈના વતી)
- I am speaking on behalf of my team.
- On the part of = કોઈના તરફથી (by someone)
- There was a mistake on the part of the manager.
Rule 8: For fear of (ડરથી)
- He ran away for fear of the police. (of + Noun)
- He left early for fear of missing the train.
Rule 9: In case of vs In case
- In case of + Noun (if something happens) – In case of fire, leave.
- In case + Clause (if it happens) – Take umbrella in case it rains.
૫. Phrase Preposition vs Single Preposition (તફાવત)
| Single Preposition | Phrase Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| For | For the sake of | He died for his country. / He died for the sake of his country. |
| Despite | In spite of | Despite rain / In spite of rain |
| About | With regard to | Tell me about him. / Tell me with regard to him. |
| Besides | In addition to | Besides tea / In addition to tea |
| By | By means of | He succeeded by hard work / by means of hard work |
૬. સામાન્ય ભૂલો (Common Errors)
| ખોટું | સાચું | નિયમ |
|---|---|---|
| Despite of rain, he came. | Despite rain / In spite of rain, he came. | Despite without ‘of’ |
| Due to rain, he was late. | He was late due to rain. / Because of rain, he was late. | Due to = after verb ‘to be’ |
| He works hard with a view to pass. | He works hard with a view to passing. | With a view to + V-ing |
| He studies in order to passing. | He studies in order to pass. | In order to + V1 |
| He came in place of me. | He came in my place / instead of me. | In place of + noun (acceptable) |
| Irrespective of is not a phrase prep. | Regardless of / Despite | Irrespective of is correct – Not of + despite |
૭. ભૂતકાળના પરીક્ષા પ્રશ્નો (Past Exam Questions)
Type 1: In spite of / Despite
પ્રશ્ન: ______ his hard work, he failed.
- (A) In spite of (B) Because of (C) Instead of (D) Due to
જવાબ: (A) In spite of
(GSSSB Talati, 2016)
Type 2: Because of / Due to
પ્રશ્ન: He was late ______ rain.
- (A) due to (B) because of (C) owing to (D) all of these
જવાબ: (B) because of
(Gujarat Police Constable, 2018)
Type 3: With a view to
પ્રશ્ન: He works hard ______ getting good marks.
- (A) with a view to (B) in order to (C) so that (D) for
જવાબ: (A) with a view to
(TET-1, 2019)
Type 4: Instead of
પ્રશ્ન: He took tea ______ coffee.
- (A) instead of (B) in spite of (C) because of (D) due to
જવાબ: (A) instead of
(Bin Sachivalay Clerk, 2017)
Type 5: According to
પ્રશ્ન: ______ the teacher, he is a good student.
- (A) As per (B) According to (C) In accordance with (D) All of these
જવાબ: (D) All of these
(GPSC Class 3, 2015)
Type 6: On behalf of
પ્રશ્ન: I am speaking ______ my team.
- (A) on behalf of (B) on the part of (C) instead of (D) in spite of
જવાબ: (A) on behalf of
(Gujarat High Court Clerk, 2020)
Type 7: In addition to
પ્રશ્ન: ______ English, he speaks French.
- (A) Except (B) Besides (C) In addition to (D) Both B and C
જવાબ: (D) Both B and C
(TAT Secondary, 2017)
Type 8: For fear of
પ્રશ્ન: He ran away ______ the police.
- (A) for fear of (B) because of (C) due to (D) owing to
જવાબ: (A) for fear of
(PSI Exam, 2019)
Type 9: In case of
પ્રશ્ન: ______ emergency, call 108.
- (A) In case (B) In case of (C) In the case of (D) In case to
જવાબ: (B) In case of
(Gujarat Panchayat Service, 2016)
Type 10: Error Spotting (Despite of)
પ્રશ્ન: Despite of (A)/ the heavy rain (B)/ he went to school (C)/ No error (D)
જવાબ: (A) Despite of → Despite or In spite of
(Talati cum Mantri, 2018)
Type 11: With a view to (V-ing)
પ્રશ્ન: He saved money ______ buying a car.
- (A) in order to (B) so that (C) with a view to (D) for
જવાબ: (C) with a view to
(GSSSB Clerk, 2014)
Type 12: Due to (position)
પ્રશ્ન: Which sentence is correct?
- (A) Due to rain, he was late. (B) He was late due to rain. (C) Due to rain he late. (D) He due to rain late.
જવાબ: (B) He was late due to rain. (Due to normally after ‘to be’)
(Gujarat Constable, 2015)
Type 13: In order to vs With a view to
પ્રશ્ન: He works hard ______ pass the exam.
- (A) with a view to (B) in order to (C) so that (D) for
જવાબ: (B) in order to (because ‘pass’ is V1)
(Bin Sachivalay, 2019)
Type 14: On account of
પ્રશ્ન: The match was cancelled ______ heavy rain.
- (A) on account of (B) because of (C) due to (D) all of these
જવાબ: (D) all of these
(GPSC Class 1-2, 2017)
Type 15: Apart from
પ્રશ્ન: ______ this, everything is fine.
- (A) Apart from (B) Besides (C) Except (D) All of these
જવાબ: (D) All of these
(TET-2, 2018)
૮. પરીક્ષા ઉપયોગી ટીપ્સ (Exam Tips)
- In spite of + Noun / Despite + Noun (Despite of ક્યારેય નહિ)
- With a view to + V-ing (with a view to + ing form) – ખૂબ પૂછાય છે.
- In order to + V1 (infinitive)
- Due to generally after ‘to be’ verb (was due to, is due to)
- Because of clause ની શરૂઆતમાં કે middle માં આવી શકે.
- Instead of + Noun / Pronoun / V-ing
- On behalf of = કોઈના વતી / On the part of = તરફથી
- For fear of + Noun (ડરથી)
- In case of + Noun (condition) / In case + clause (if it happens)
- According to (always ‘to’ – According me ખોટું, According to me સાચું)
૯. Quick Revision Table (ઝડપી પુનરાવર્તન)
| Phrase Preposition | Followed by | Example |
|---|---|---|
| In spite of / Despite | Noun / Pronoun | In spite of rain, Despite rain |
| Because of / Due to | Noun / Pronoun | Because of illness, Due to illness |
| With a view to | V-ing (Gerund) | with a view to passing |
| In order to | V1 (Infinitive) | in order to pass |
| Instead of | Noun / V-ing | instead of tea, instead of sleeping |
| According to | Noun | according to me |
| On behalf of | Noun / Pronoun | on behalf of my team |
| In case of | Noun | in case of fire |
| For fear of | Noun | for fear of police |
| In addition to / Besides | Noun | in addition to English |
| Apart from / Except for | Noun | apart from this |
૧૦. અભ્યાસ માટે 40 ટેસ્ટ પ્રશ્નો (Self-Assessment)
Part A: Fill in the blanks
- ______ the rain, he went to school. (In spite of / Because of)
- He failed ______ his laziness. (due to / because of – choose one)
- He works hard ______ getting good marks. (with a view to / in order to)
- He studies hard ______ pass the exam. (with a view to / in order to)
- He took a taxi ______ walking. (instead of / in spite of)
- ______ me, he is honest. (According to / According)
- I am speaking ______ my company. (on behalf of / on the part of)
- ______ fire, break the glass. (In case of / In case)
- He ran away ______ the dog. (for fear of / because of)
- ______ English, he knows Sanskrit. (In addition to / Instead of)
Part B: Choose the correct option
- ______ his poor health, he works hard. (A) Despite of (B) Despite (C) In spite (D) Because of)
- The accident was ______ his negligence. (A) due to (B) because of (C) owing to (D) all of these)
- He is busy ______ his work. (A) with (B) in (C) on (D) at)
- He congratulated me ______ my success. (A) for (B) on (C) upon (D) both B and C)
- He insisted ______ going. (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) upon) – (upon also correct)
- He is afraid ______ the dark. (A) from (B) of (C) with (D) by)
- This is different ______ that. (A) than (B) from (C) to (D) with)
- She is married ______ a doctor. (A) with (B) to (C) by (D) from)
- He is superior ______ me. (A) than (B) to (C) from (D) then)
- She is good ______ English. (A) in (B) at (C) on (D) with)
Part C: Phrase Preposition (Match the following)
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 21. કારણે | A. In spite of |
| 22. હોવા છતાં | B. Instead of |
| 23. ના બદલે | C. Because of |
| 24. ના સંદર્ભમાં | D. On behalf of |
| 25. ના વતી | E. With regard to |
Answers: 21-C, 22-A, 23-B, 24-E, 25-D
Part D: Error Spotting (Correct/Incorrect)
- Despite of the rain, he came. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He works hard with a view to pass. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He studies in order to passing. (Correct/Incorrect)
- According to me, he is right. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He took tea instead of coffee. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He failed due to laziness. (Correct/Incorrect – check position)
- Because of his illness, he was absent. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He came in spite of the rain. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He did it on behalf of his friend. (Correct/Incorrect)
- In case of emergency, call me. (Correct/Incorrect)
Part E: Fill in the blanks (Advanced)
- ______ the difficulties, he completed the project. (In spite of / Because of)
- He sent the letter ______ email. (by means of / in order to)
- I am writing ______ your advertisement. (with reference to / in order to)
- He sacrificed his life ______ his country. (for the sake of / because of)
- The school was closed ______ the principal’s illness. (owing to / instead of)
જવાબો:
1 In spite of, 2 because of/due to, 3 with a view to, 4 in order to, 5 instead of, 6 According to, 7 on behalf of, 8 In case of, 9 for fear of, 10 In addition to, 11 B, 12 D, 13 A (busy with), 14 D, 15 A/D (on/upon), 16 B, 17 B, 18 B, 19 B, 20 B, 26 Incorrect (Despite / In spite of), 27 Incorrect (passing), 28 Incorrect (to pass), 29 Correct, 30 Correct, 31 Correct (if after verb ‘was due to’), 32 Correct, 33 Correct, 34 Correct, 35 Correct, 36 In spite of, 37 by means of, 38 with reference to, 39 for the sake of, 40 owing to