૧. વ્યાખ્યા (Definition)
Preposition એ શબ્દ છે જે Noun અથવા Pronoun ને વાક્યના બીજા શબ્દ સાથે સંબંધ દર્શાવે છે. તે સ્થળ, સમય, દિશા, કારણ, રીત, વગેરે દર્શાવે છે.
ઉદાહરણ:
- Book is on the table. (સ્થળ)
- He came at 5 o’clock. (સમય)
- She is going to school. (દિશા)
- He died of fever. (કારણ)
૨. Preposition ના પ્રકારો (Types of Preposition)
| પ્રકાર | વ્યાખ્યા | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Preposition | એક શબ્દવાળા | In, on, at, of, to, for, with, by, from, off, up, down, through, without, after, before, over, under, between, among, etc. |
| Compound Preposition | બે શબ્દોથી બનેલા (preposition + noun/adverb) | Into, upon, within, without, inside, outside, throughout, underneath, etc. |
| Phrase Preposition | બે કે તેથી વધુ શબ્દોનો સમૂહ | Because of, instead of, in spite of, on behalf of, due to, owing to, by means of, in addition to, etc. |
૩. સમય દર્શાવતા Prepositions (Time Prepositions) – અતિ મહત્વ
| Preposition | Use | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| At | ચોક્કસ સમય (clock time), રાત્રિ, પવિત્ર તહેવારો | at 5 PM, at night, at Diwali, at noon, at midnight |
| In | મહિના, વર્ષ, સદી, ઋતુ, દિવસનો ભાગ (except night) | in May, in 2024, in summer, in the morning, in the evening |
| On | ચોક્કસ દિવસ, તારીખ, રજાનો દિવસ | on Monday, on 15th August, on Diwali day, on my birthday |
| By | સમયની મર્યાદા (એટલામાં/પહેલાં) | by 6 PM, by tomorrow, by Friday |
| Since | ભૂતકાળમાં શરૂ થયેલ સમય (ચોક્કસ બિંદુ) | since Monday, since 2020, since morning |
| For | સમયગાળો (duration) | for two hours, for a week, for many years |
| From | શરૂઆતનો સમય (ચોક્કસ બિંદુ) | from Monday to Friday, from 9 AM |
| Until/Till | સમયની અંતિમ મર્યાદા | until midnight, till evening |
| Within | ચોક્કસ સમયગાળાની અંદર | within a week, within two hours |
| Before/After | પહેલા/પછી | before sunrise, after dinner |
ઝડપી ટ્રીક:
- At = ચોક્કસ સમય (At 3 PM, At night)
- In = મહિના/વર્ષ/સદી (In July, In 2023)
- On = દિવસ/તારીખ (On Sunday, On 2nd Oct)
૪. સ્થળ/સ્થાન દર્શાવતા Prepositions (Place Prepositions)
| Preposition | Use | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| At | ચોક્કસ બિંદુ (specific point) | at home, at the door, at the bus stop |
| In | ત્રિ-પરિમાણી જગ્યા (enclosed space) | in the room, in Ahmedabad, in water |
| On | સપાટી પર (surface) | on the table, on the wall, on the floor |
| Above | ઉપર (contact વગર, higher than) | The sky is above us. |
| Over | ઉપર (નીચે સંપર્ક વગર, સંપૂર્ણ આવરણ) | The lamp is over the table. |
| Below | નીચે (lower than) | The sun is below the horizon. |
| Under | નીચે (નીચે ઢંકાયેલું) | The cat is under the table. |
| Between | બે વચ્ચે | between Sita and Geeta |
| Among | બેથી વધુ વચ્ચે | among friends, among trees |
| Beside | બાજુમાં | Sit beside me. |
| Besides | ઉપરાંત/વધારામાં | Besides English, he knows Hindi. |
| Into | બહારથી અંદર (motion) | He jumped into the river. |
| Out of | અંદરથી બહાર | He came out of the room. |
| Towards | તરફ (direction) | He ran towards the school. |
| Across | પેલે પાર (એક બાજુથી બીજી) | across the river, across the road |
| Through | મારફતે (કેન્દ્રમાંથી) | through the tunnel, through the crowd |
| Along | સાથે સાથે | along the river bank |
| Around | આસપાસ | around the park |
૫. Prepositions ના મહત્વના ઉપયોગો (Important Usages)
5.1 In / At / On – મહત્વનો તફાવત
| Place (સ્થળ) | Time (સમય) | |
|---|---|---|
| In | In Ahmedabad, In the room | In July, In 2024, In morning |
| At | At home, At bus stop | At 5 PM, At night, At noon |
| On | On table, On road | On Monday, On 5th May |
5.2 Since vs For
| Since | For |
|---|---|
| ચોક્કસ બિંદુ (point of time) | સમયગાળો (duration) |
| Since 2020, Since Monday, Since morning | For two years, For a week, For 3 hours |
| Tense: Present Perfect / Past Perfect | Tense: Present Perfect / Past Perfect |
5.3 In vs Within
| In | Within |
|---|---|
| In = પછી (after) – I will come in 2 hours (2 કલાક પછી) | Within = અંદર (inside) – I will come within 2 hours (2 કલાકની અંદર) |
5.4 By vs With
| By | With |
|---|---|
| કર્તા (agent/doer) દર્શાવે | સાધન (instrument) દર્શાવે |
| The book was written by Gandhi. | He cuts vegetables with a knife. |
| Passive voice માં by | Instrument/companion માટે with |
5.5 Beside vs Besides
| Beside | Besides |
|---|---|
| બાજુમાં (next to) | ઉપરાંત (in addition to) |
| She sat beside me. | Besides tea, I like coffee. |
5.6 Between vs Among
| Between | Among |
|---|---|
| બે (two) વચ્ચે | બેથી વધુ (more than two) વચ્ચે |
| Between you and me | Among the students |
5.7 On vs Upon
| On | Upon |
|---|---|
| સામાન્ય સપાટી | ઔપચારિક/સાહિત્યિક |
| The book is on the table. | The cat jumped upon the table. |
5.8 In vs Into
| In | Into |
|---|---|
| સ્થિતિ (position – already inside) | ગતિ (motion – outside to inside) |
| He is in the room. | He walked into the room. |
૬. Adjectives સાથે વપરાતા Prepositions (Fixed Prepositions)
આ પરીક્ષાનો સૌથી મહત્વનો ભાગ છે. નીચે મુજબની જોડી યાદ રાખો:
| Adjective | Preposition | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Accustomed to | to | He is accustomed to hard work. |
| Afraid of | of | She is afraid of snakes. |
| Angry with (person) | with | I am angry with him. |
| Angry at (thing) | at | He is angry at the situation. |
| Aware of | of | I am aware of the problem. |
| Capable of | of | She is capable of doing it. |
| Different from | from | This is different from that. |
| Filled with | with | The glass is filled with water. |
| Fond of | of | He is fond of music. |
| Good at | at | She is good at English. |
| Interested in | in | I am interested in cricket. |
| Jealous of | of | He is jealous of his friend. |
| Married to | to | She is married to Rohan. |
| Proud of | of | He is proud of his son. |
| Responsible for | for | You are responsible for this. |
| Satisfied with | with | I am satisfied with your work. |
| Superior to | to | This is superior to that. (than નહિ) |
| Tired of | of | I am tired of waiting. |
| Worried about | about | She is worried about exams. |
૭. Verbs સાથે વપરાતા Prepositions (Fixed Prepositions)
| Verb | Preposition | ઉદાહરણ |
|---|---|---|
| Apologize to (person) + for (thing) | to / for | I apologized to him for my mistake. |
| Apply for (job/visa) | for | He applied for the post. |
| Blame for (thing) / Blame on | for / on | He blamed me for the loss. / He put the blame on me. |
| Compare with (similar) / to (different) | with / to | Compare this with that. / He compared life to a journey. |
| Complain about (thing) / to (person) | about / to | She complained about food to the manager. |
| Consist of | of | Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Deal with (manage) / in (trade) | with / in | He knows how to deal with problems. / He deals in clothes. |
| Depend on / Upon | on | Success depends on hard work. |
| Differ from (different) / with (disagree) | from / with | This differs from that. / I differ with you. |
| Dream of / about | of / about | I dream of becoming a doctor. |
| Insist on | on | He insisted on going. |
| Prevent from | from | He prevented me from going. |
| Pray to (God) + for (something) | to / for | Pray to God for peace. |
| Provide with (supply) / for (support) | with / for | He provided me with money. / He provides for his family. |
| Recover from | from | He recovered from illness. |
| Rely on / Upon | on | You can rely on me. |
| Succeed in | in | He succeeded in his mission. |
| Suffer from | from | He suffers from fever. |
| Think of (remember) / about (consider) | of / about | I think of my childhood. / I am thinking about the problem. |
| Wait for | for | I am waiting for you. |
૮. Prepositions ના પ્રશ્નોમાં વારંવાર થતી ભૂલો (Common Errors)
| ખોટું | સાચું | નિયમ |
|---|---|---|
| He is superior than me. | He is superior to me. | Superior/Inferior/Junior/Senior → to |
| I am angry on him. | I am angry with him. | Angry with (person) / at (thing) |
| She is married with Rohan. | She is married to Rohan. | Married to |
| He is fond with music. | He is fond of music. | Fond of |
| I am waiting since 2 hours. | I am waiting for 2 hours. / since 2 o’clock | For + duration, Since + point |
| He died from cancer. | He died of cancer. | Die of (disease), die from (injury) |
| What is the time in your watch? | What is the time by your watch? | Time by watch |
| He jumped in the river. | He jumped into the river. | Into = motion |
| Distribute the sweets among two. | Distribute the sweets between two. | Between = two, Among = more than two |
| I prefer tea than coffee. | I prefer tea to coffee. | Prefer to |
| He is good in English. | He is good at English. | Good at |
| She insisted for coming. | She insisted on coming. | Insist on |
| I congratulated him for his success. | I congratulated him on his success. | Congratulate on |
| He is afraid from dogs. | He is afraid of dogs. | Afraid of |
| This is different than that. | This is different from that. | Different from |
| He has been ill from Monday. | He has been ill since Monday. | Since + point of time |
૯. ભૂતકાળના પરીક્ષા પ્રશ્નો (Past Exam Questions)
Type 1: Time Preposition (At/In/On)
પ્રશ્ન: He will come ______ 6 o’clock.
- (A) in (B) on (C) at (D) by
જવાબ: (C) at
(GSSSB Talati, 2016)
પ્રશ્ન: We met ______ Sunday morning.
- (A) in (B) on (C) at (D) by
જવાબ: (B) on
(Gujarat Police Constable, 2018)
Type 2: Since vs For
પ્રશ્ન: He has been waiting ______ two hours.
- (A) since (B) for (C) from (D) by
જવાબ: (B) for
(TET-1, 2019)
પ્રશ્ન: I have known her ______ 2010.
- (A) for (B) since (C) from (D) till
જવાબ: (B) since
(Bin Sachivalay Clerk, 2017)
Type 3: Between vs Among
પ્રશ્ન: The money was divided ______ the five brothers.
- (A) between (B) among (C) in (D) within
જવાબ: (B) among
(GPSC Class 3, 2015)
Type 4: Superior to / Inferior to
પ્રશ્ન: This mobile is superior ______ that one.
- (A) than (B) from (C) to (D) then
જવાબ: (C) to
(Gujarat High Court Clerk, 2020)
Type 5: Beside vs Besides
પ્રશ્ન: ______ English, he speaks French.
- (A) Beside (B) Besides (C) Between (D) Among
જવાબ: (B) Besides
(TAT Secondary, 2017)
Type 6: Angry with vs Angry at
પ્રશ્ન: He was angry ______ me for being late.
- (A) on (B) at (C) with (D) upon
જવાબ: (C) with
(PSI Exam, 2019)
Type 7: Die of vs Die from
પ્રશ્ન: He died ______ cancer.
- (A) of (B) from (C) with (D) by
જવાબ: (A) of
(Gujarat Panchayat Service, 2016)
Type 8: Prefer…to
પ્રશ્ન: I prefer tea ______ coffee.
- (A) than (B) from (C) to (D) over
જવાબ: (C) to
(Talati cum Mantri, 2018)
Type 9: Good at
પ્રશ્ન: She is very good ______ Mathematics.
- (A) in (B) at (C) on (D) with
જવાબ: (B) at
(GSSSB Clerk, 2014)
Type 10: Insist on
પ્રશ્ન: He insisted ______ going there.
- (A) in (B) on (C) at (D) upon (upon પણ ચાલે)
જવાબ: (B) on
(Gujarat Constable, 2015)
Type 11: Married to
પ્રશ્ન: She is married ______ a rich businessman.
- (A) with (B) to (C) by (D) from
જવાબ: (B) to
(Bin Sachivalay, 2019)
Type 12: Afraid of
પ્રશ્ન: The child is afraid ______ the dark.
- (A) from (B) of (C) with (D) by
જવાબ: (B) of
(GPSC Class 1-2, 2017)
Type 13: In vs Into
પ્રશ્ન: The dog jumped ______ the well.
- (A) in (B) into (C) on (D) upon
જવાબ: (B) into
(TET-2, 2018)
Type 14: Depend on
પ્રશ્ન: Success depends ______ hard work.
- (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) from
જવાબ: (A) on
(GSSSB Senior Clerk, 2016)
Type 15: Error Spotting
પ્રશ્ન: He is (A)/ superior than me (B)/ in every way (C)/ No error (D)
જવાબ: (B) superior than me → superior to me
(Gujarat Police Exam, 2018)
૧૦. પરીક્ષા ઉપયોગી ટીપ્સ (Exam Tips)
- Time: At (clock time/night) – In (month/year/morning) – On (day/date)
- For + duration / Since + point of time – આ ખૂબ પૂછાય છે.
- Between (2) / Among (2+)
- Superior/Inferior/Junior/Senior/Prefer → to (than નહિ)
- Beside = બાજુમાં / Besides = ઉપરાંત
- Angry with (person) / Angry at (thing)
- Die of (disease) / Die from (injury/accident)
- Married to (with નહિ)
- Good at / Bad at / Expert at
- Afraid of / Fond of / Proud of / Tired of / Capable of
- Insist on / Rely on / Depend on
- Prevent from / Recover from / Suffer from
- In = position / Into = motion
- On = surface / Upon = formal/motion
- By + agent (passive) / With + instrument
૧૧. Quick Revision Table (ઝડપી પુનરાવર્તન)
| Category | Prepositions | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Time (At/In/On) | At (clock), In (month), On (day) | At 5 PM, In May, On Monday |
| Duration | For, Since | For 2 hours, Since morning |
| Place (At/In/On) | At (point), In (enclosed), On (surface) | At home, In room, On table |
| Direction | To, Towards, Into, Out of | Go to school, Jump into water |
| Position | Above, Over, Below, Under | Above sky, Under table |
| Number | Between (2), Among (2+) | Between two, Among many |
| Fixed Pairs | Superior to, Married to, Good at | Superior to me, Married to Rohan |
| Fixed Pairs | Afraid of, Fond of, Proud of | Afraid of dog |
| Instrument/Agent | By (agent), With (instrument) | By me, With knife |
૧૨. અભ્યાસ માટે 50 ટેસ્ટ પ્રશ્નો (Self-Assessment)
Part A: Fill in the blanks (Time Prepositions)
- I will meet you ______ 7 PM. (at/in/on)
- He was born ______ 1995. (at/in/on)
- We will go ______ Sunday. (at/in/on)
- She wakes up ______ the morning. (at/in/on)
- The party is ______ 15th August. (at/in/on)
- He came back ______ night. (at/in/on)
- I have been waiting ______ 3 hours. (since/for)
- He has been ill ______ Monday. (since/for)
- Please complete the work ______ Friday. (by/until)
- I will return ______ two days. (in/within – meaning after)
Part B: Fill in the blanks (Place Prepositions)
- The book is ______ the table. (in/on/at)
- She is ______ home. (in/on/at)
- He lives ______ Ahmedabad. (in/on/at)
- The cat is hiding ______ the bed. (under/over/above)
- The sky is ______ our head. (above/over/up)
- Distribute the sweets ______ the two children. (between/among)
- She sat ______ me. (beside/besides)
- He jumped ______ the river. (in/into)
- The train passed ______ the tunnel. (across/through)
- Walk ______ the river bank. (along/across)
Part C: Fixed Prepositions (Adjectives)
- He is superior ______ me. (to/than/from)
- She is fond ______ music. (of/off/for)
- I am afraid ______ snakes. (from/of/with)
- He is proud ______ his achievement. (for/of/about)
- She is good ______ English. (in/at/on)
- He is different ______ his brother. (than/from/to)
- I am tired ______ waiting. (from/of/with)
- She is married ______ a doctor. (with/to/by)
- He is interested ______ cricket. (in/on/at)
- I am satisfied ______ your work. (with/by/for)
Part D: Fixed Prepositions (Verbs)
- He insisted ______ going. (in/on/upon – upon also correct)
- Success depends ______ hard work. (on/in/upon)
- He prevented me ______ going. (from/to/for)
- She apologized ______ me. (to/for/with)
- I congratulated him ______ his success. (for/on/upon)
- He suffers ______ fever. (from/of/with)
- She is waiting ______ the bus. (for/to/on)
- He recovered ______ illness. (from/of/with)
- I prefer coffee ______ tea. (to/than/from)
- Please provide me ______ food. (with/to/for)
Part E: Error Spotting (Correct/Incorrect)
- He is angry on me. (Correct/Incorrect)
- She died from cancer. (Correct/Incorrect)
- I have been waiting since two hours. (Correct/Incorrect)
- This is superior than that. (Correct/Incorrect)
- Besides English, he knows Sanskrit. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He jumped in the river. (Correct/Incorrect)
- Distribute the sweets among two. (Correct/Incorrect)
- She is married with Rohan. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He is good in Mathematics. (Correct/Incorrect)
- He insisted for going. (Correct/Incorrect)
જવાબો:
1 at, 2 in, 3 on, 4 in, 5 on, 6 at, 7 for, 8 since, 9 by, 10 in (after), 11 on, 12 at, 13 in, 14 under, 15 above, 16 between, 17 beside, 18 into, 19 through, 20 along, 21 to, 22 of, 23 of, 24 of, 25 at, 26 from, 27 of, 28 to, 29 in, 30 with, 31 on/upon, 32 on/upon, 33 from, 34 to, 35 on, 36 from, 37 for, 38 from, 39 to, 40 with, 41 Incorrect (angry with), 42 Incorrect (died of cancer), 43 Incorrect (for two hours), 44 Incorrect (superior to), 45 Correct, 46 Incorrect (into the river), 47 Incorrect (between two), 48 Incorrect (married to), 49 Incorrect (good at), 50 Incorrect (insisted on)